Effects Of Morality In Americas Youth - 944 Words

Decrease of Morals in America’s Youth Children from the previous generations were always taught morals that were expected to be followed exactly. The generation’s parents after that have become more lenient with allowing their children to completely disregard the morals by simply not teaching it to them, and if they do teach them, they are not reinforced which makes it pointless after all. It is important to establish a strong connection with the adolescent to ensure a sense of trust that they will do the right thing when it comes down to it. Although it is not completely the parents’ faults, children could just not know what they are doing is morally wrong due to ignorance, their peers and social media. Adolescents’ brains are†¦show more content†¦The opinions of others are considered very important because that is what determines whether or not they are willing to take risks to have a good time. During this time period, it becomes a habit to sta rt to swerve in the wrong direction, making bad behavior seem normal. For example, if the adolescent’s friends wanted to partake in the illegal action of writing graffiti on a building and they invited the adolescent, it is the adolescent’s job to decide whether or not that would be a good idea, morally. As a parent, it is important to know who the child’s friends are and ask what they do on a regular basis so they do not become influenced by what is wrong. Because they are still developing, they may not understand why it is wrong or who it affects because it is still a new concept to them (Green). It is widely known that the more recent generations are known as the â€Å"touch screen generation† because everything is virtually at the tip of one’s fingers. Adolescents become exposed to screens at very young ages, which puts their moral development at risk. This dynamic costs the adolescents important virtues like self-control, forgiveness, and a sense of humility (Morality). Having such a responsibility like upholding a social media account requires the ability to be a decent person. These morals of kindness, fairness and honesty disappear when one is hidden behind a computer screen. If it progresses far enough, bullying isShow MoreRelatedYouth Violence and the Mass Media Essay2083 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The problem I am researching is the desensitizing of Americas youth through violence in the mass media, specifically television and video games. I am interested in studying it because as violence on television and the violent content contained in video games has increased, so has youth violence. I want to find if the increasing violence shown on television and video games has a desensitizing effect on Americas youth, thus, increasing the probability that they will commit an act ofRead MoreThe Scopes Trial And Its Effects On The American Education System1719 Words   |  7 Pagestrial over a misdemeanor offense by substitute teacher John Scopes, but it ended up becoming an even huger trial between fundamentalist and modernist. Modernist and fundamentalist were fighting for control of America’s education system and the result of the trial would have a drastic effect on Tennessee’s education system. When the Butler Act was passed in 1925, the ACLU (American Citizens Libe rties Union) sent a press discharge to a few Tennessee daily papers, publishing that they would give legitimateRead More Sexually Explicit Advertising is Detrimental to Society Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pagesnewsstand or magazine rack. But while it sells, it also offends as the promiscuous use of sexual images in advertising rubs many consumers the wrong way. The current increase of sexually explicit advertising, while increasing sales, has many detrimental effects on society. New regulations or other forms of control need to be implemented to protect children and others who are defenseless against the war to win consumers. According to a nationwide poll conducted for Adweek by Alden Associates of HermosaRead More Foeign Affairs Essay755 Words   |  4 PagesFoeign Affairs My personal view on this issue is that America should pay equal attention to both domestic and foreign affairs. You cannot just focus on one without the other because they intermingle into the same issue. For instance, America’s businesses have branched out all across the world and if those places of business are not ensured safety then both the economy of that particular country as well as our own is affected. Adding onto that, America is not a self-sufficient country. We haveRead MoreThe Impact of Hollywood in American Society1568 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom films shown abroad. (SOURCE) Unfortunately Hollywood had also come to symbolize â€Å"the new morality† of the 1920s. It was a mixture of glamor, extravagance, and fun which would lead to economic trouble years later. The rise of mass culture impact became crucial in this time. The spectors were highly influenced with what they saw in the films. For some people the 1920s saw a new morality symbolized by the flapper who danced to jazz, smoked cigarettes, drank bootleg liquor, and wereRead MoreSociety’s Most Recent Scapegoat: Video Gaming1637 Words   |  7 PagesRebellious, violent behavior in youth is often treated simplistically – whether Elvis Presley’s latest hits, the programs airing on Saturday night television, or the newest film playing in theaters were popular amongst children and young adults, the blame for unfavorable behavior has always had its scapegoat. One of the most recent additions to society’s scapegoats is video gaming. Whether the objective of a given game is to fight crime or cause it, the morality of video games is often questionedRead MoreWhat Really Ails America Essays965 Words   |  4 Pagesdon’t. Bennett notes that back in 1940, a teacher’s biggest problem with students would have been something as minor and insignificant as â€Å"talking out of turn† or chewing gum in class. In today’s society, there are much bigger issues at hand in America’s school systems: teenage pregnancy, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, rape, and assault. Why is it that children see these things as permissible behavior? It is because those individuals who have no respect for authority frequently break the rules. TheyRead MoreHip Hop And Its Effect On Society1320 Words   |  6 Pagestrying to â€Å"tell it how it is† or â€Å"tell it how it was† in their hood, constantly pushing violence, violence, and violence. This became much more acceptable. Anything that permeates th e culture the way hip-hop has or the way movies have, they have an effect. Young people have taken on gangster mentalities like, do whatever you have to do to get by, if you have to sell drugs and murder then do what you have to do, and if someone disrespects then fight for respect. And all of this that you hear in musicRead MoreCensorship of Media1064 Words   |  5 PagesSurprises of Censorship In today’s world of technology and high finance children learn and do different activities. Video games, television shows, and the internet all have effect on our society. These items take away from moral values, and it also undermines the instruction parents give to their children. We need a healthier world with fewer restrictions, and if negative commodities are prohibiting children from recreational play parents should be the regulators in what content their childrenRead MoreEssay about Divorce and the Decline of Morality1820 Words   |  8 Pages As Americas divorce rate continues to skyrocket, it seems that morality continues to plummet. Approximately sixty-five percent of all marriages in America end in divorce, and this number does not seem to be declining any time soon. Are we creating a new generation Y of single parents? Is a broken home the wave of the future? If Americans dont get a grip on morality, this will surely be the case. It is not possible to pinpoint exactly why Americas divorce rate is so high

Personal Narrative Of A Dog - 726 Words

My mom and I then began to search harder than we had before. The next day we found a very adorable dog. On the website they did not have much information about the dog named #199. We found him on Saturday. The shelter was closed on Saturday, and Sunday, so my mom emailed them our application. The only information on the website was that they thought he was a collie/whippet mix, male, playful, and they think that he is about ten months old. On Monday we had not seen or heard a reply yet and my mom and I were becoming very anxious. So on Wednesday my mom called the shelter to ask if they got our application. We kept on our search for our new furry friend and contacted the shelter anxiously awaiting to see what will happen next. Furthermore,†¦show more content†¦Then I remember the lady asking us if we had a name for him. We responded that we were deciding between Falcon and Jasper. The meeting went well we paid them and put our new dog in the van with us. I sat in the back so our dog would not feel alone. He stayed attached to my leg the whole time. We then got home and he as so worn out from the day that I sat on the floor with him and he laid down next to me and fell asleep using my leg as a pillow. After asking the whole family we decided on the name Jasper! Days passed and he got much more used to us. His crate was kept in my room and after I was sure he was potty trained, I started letting him on my bed to sleep with me, which at the time no dogs were allowed on beds or couches. However, many days and weeks passed and that is the first time I had truly felt joyful in a while. I am so glad that we could adopt him. To conclude, he now is attached to me and always sleeps on my bed. He is a champion not only to me but also in dog shows. I started doing dog club in 4-H and we won champion in every class we entered. He is the perfect size just at our knee, but he can be picked up which is the part I love! He listens and we love playing together. My favorite part is when I come home from dance class and I see this perked ear and waging tail waiting at the door to greet me when I come home. I am so glad we adopted him and often wonder why such a sweet dog ended up in a shelterShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative : My Dog, Loki1606 Words   |  7 Pages I was alone in my apartment at 8PM. My dog, Loki; an Australian Shepard, was by my side on the couch. I live with my fiancà ©, but he s currently at work. So I m home alone on the couch, waiting for my â€Å"Knight in shining armor† to come home. As I m watching the latest episode of Steven Universe,(Yes, I m a child. So what?) I hear a noise come from the front door. It s too quiet to be able to tell what it is. Loki barks at anything that he hears out of the ordinary, so the fact he hasnRead MorePersonal Narrative : I Lost My Dog941 Words   |  4 Pageswhere I think that I have understood death. I was wrong. Sure, I have lost fish and grandparents, but the one that hurt me the most and made me truly understand is when I lost my dog. I’m sure that some of you are thinking,† Oh he is just sad about his dog†. Well you are right, but there is more than just that. My dog, Malea has been with me since I was in kindergarten. She was a gift to me for my promotion. Me, being as pathetic as I am, named her after a girl that I liked. I know, stupid huh.Read MoreMy Life With Sds And The Weathermen Underground1015 Words   |  5 Pageswith SDS and the Weathermen Underground,† is a narrative about Rudd’s life when he was the leader behind the notorious SDS movement, Weathermen Underground. Rudd’s novel was published in the year 2009 and shows readers the hardships Rudd faced leading his organization. This novel can help readers learn about the hardships some anti-war movement leaders went through during their fight for peace. Crow Dog’s novel, â€Å"Lakota Woman,† is a personal narrative about Crow Dog’s journey to find a home not filledRead MoreIncidents In The Li fe Of A Slave Girl Analysis1335 Words   |  6 PagesIncidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, a slave narrative written by Harriet Ann Jacobs is highly commended for the portrayal of women during the excruciating times of slavery. Disregarding that the slave narrative was initially written for the audience of Caucasian women, â€Å"†¦, as white women constituted Jacobs’s primary audience at the time she wrote her narrative† (Larson,742) the struggles of being a female slave were emphasized throughout the narrative. Harriet Ann Jacobs elaborates on slave women’sRead MoreDisgrace by J.M Coetzee1222 Words   |  5 Pagespromiscuity† (Coetzee, Disgrace 19). She is rather easily coaxed into an intercourse and â€Å"since David’s voice controls the narrative, his interpretation of Melanie’s behavior should be suspect.† (Giles 13) It is here when the parallel between gender relations and relationship between the colonizers and colonized can be observed. Just as incidents were documented by the narratives of colonizers, voice of the natives were either presented as complacent or mute. David’s opinion of women in the earlierRead MoreMajor Themes Of The Mahabhiras Mahbharata1734 Words   |  7 Pagesfour brothers, one needs to understand the major theme of the Mahbharata. In one of the final scenes of the Mahbharta Yudhisthira proves himself and is rewarded with life after life. The best way to understand the importance of Yudhisthira and his dog is to first summarize the story. Then the story can be interpreted to show why this story exemplifies the major theme of the rest of the epic. Despite the complexity and length of the Mahabharta, it seems to have one over-arching theme. This themeRead MoreAnalysis of Navarre Scott Momadays The Way to Rainy Mountain1495 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary analysis: The Way to Rainy Mountain, N. Scott Momaday Novarre Scott Momadays book The Way to Rainy Mountain is both a personal and anthropological exploration of the ways of the Kiowa Indian tribe. Momaday was raised on a Navajo Reservation, but was educated within the white university system, where he first gained a reputation as a poet. His work straddles the borders of the genre of autobiography and ethnography. The book is the story of a tribe, a chronicle of both history and mythRead MoreComplaint Speech1384 Words   |  6 Pagesformat as described in lecture and text. Sample outline included below. Why we are doing this: This is a bridge from narrative to informative speaking where we use the entire speech preparation process but without the need for external research. In narrative speeches we simply relate a personal incident in the natural order of events as they occurred. We now move to another form of personal expression (complaining!) that is just as natural as storytelling, but requires a bit more analysis and preparationRead MoreThe History Of The Peloponnesian War951 Words   |  4 PagesThese statements may be interpreted as hearsay, since they were presented as unidentified sources and not introduced as his own actual observations or experiences. While these statements are few and may appear minor to some, they contribute to his narrative as flawed. Moreover, this lessens the value of his account to some extent. â€Å"The History of the Peloponnesian War† is authored by Thucydides yet translated by Richard Crawley. This version is an English version, therefore, the actual writings of ThucydidesRead MoreAnalysis Of Frederick Douglass Narrative1597 Words   |  7 PagesFrederick Douglass’ Narrative serves as an influential text which provides detailed examples of how slavery allowed a country and a government to justify the brutal dehumanization and oppression of an entire race of people. Using personal experience, Douglass explains how the slave institution not only dehumanized himself, but also how the process affected other slaves and the slaveowners as well. Douglass relies on a strong imagery relating back to animals to show this dehumanization process, which

Penfolds Grange Brand Prism Free Essays

It was released in 1951 and kept it position for more than 50 years. But in 2009, Pinfold’s launched a special bottle, it was considered as a wrong action of it because that reduced the value of Grange. That is the reason our marketing plan is revitalization Grange, which will be launched in 2014. We will write a custom essay sample on Penfolds Grange Brand Prism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before making a detail MIMIC plan, I will create the brand identity for Pinfold’s Grange relying on the brand identity prism of Seafarer (2008). ‘Brand identity prism’ is a diagrammatically analysis to identify one brand which is presented by a hexagonal prism. It illustrates that brand identify has six facets which are Physique, Personality, Culture, Relationship, Reflection and Self-image. Fanfold Grange is a vintage wine which is recognizable with a strong, distinctive, individual style record for cellaring performance. It is seen as an authentic voice of Australian fine wine and the strength of Pinfold’s winemaking culture and heritage. A brand has physique, according Keller, combines of either salient objective features (brand awareness) or emerging ones. Physique is not only backbone of brand but also its tangible added value. It may include product features, brand attributes and benefits. Simply, brand physique are basic things relying on it, customer can recognize and aware of the brand. The Pinfold’s Grange displays unique character and style and reflects the essence of Pinfold’s winemaking philosophy and provenance. It utilizes fully-ripe, intensely-favored and textured Shirrs grapes. It has an interesting history, an unbroken line of production since the very first vintage, consistent quality in each vintage, worldwide claim, longevity and limited production. Pinfold’s Grange is still loyal with the dark color, the design is quite simple and original but elegant with the sign of Pinfold’s which is the red Pinfold’s signature. Two main colors are white and red of the label which is not only for Grange but also or all lines of Pinfold’s and the early Grange label looked like a postage stamp – an attractive one. Although Pinfold’s is famous with many kinds of wine lines, Grange is still Australia’s most famous red wine regarded as Australia icon which most people have heard of or at least in passing. It was released in 1951 and kept it position for more than 50 years. This is a wonderfully opulent and a magic vintage. The Grange style is the original and most powerful expression of Pinfold’s multinational, multi- district, blending philosophy. Pinfold’s are the masters at understanding the power f an iconic sub-brand delivering a positive halo over the full brand range. Every year when the new vintage is released it becomes a media event of significant proportions. Pinfold’s Grange once again graced the prestigious Top 100 list of the US magazine ‘Wine Spectator’, having already been named in their Millennium edition as one of the ‘Top 100 wines’ of the 20th century. Granges have won 111 gold medals in shows, 63 silvers and 33 bronzes, 26 trophies and six championship awards, maybe seven or eight now. There are three Jimmy Watson trophies, in 1964, 1966 and 1968. All of these things make Grange’s reputation that every people can recall about it whenever they heard about it and it will be long lasting over the years. A brand has a personality. Personality is about what kind of person Grange would be if it were human including character and attitude. The human personality traits that are relevant for Pinfold’s Grange which are sophisticated, classic, elegant and reliable. Pinfold’s Grange is truly a unique brand from the first day it was released until now. A brand is a culture which takes a holistic view of the organization, its origins and the value it stands for. Every brand should have its own culture which is not only a concrete representation but also a means of communication and it is no doubt that Pinfold’s Grange really did it. Grange is the product of Australian culture regarded as the pride of Australian about one of the most famous wine in the world. If Frenchman is proud of their Champagne, to Australians, that is Grange-the Australia’s icon. Grange is not Just a symbol of luxury red wine in Australia, it is Australian image in the international wine market. Pinfold’s and Grange in particular is always representative of Australia now and in the future. Limited production and Just lease in a period of time also make the culture of Grange. The Grange fruit is from particular area, here is the grapes from Grange vineyard at Magical, South Australia. This is also a factor that makes Grange become special and have its own culture. Because Pinfold’s Grange is known as a luxury red wine line, the cultural facet is more meaningful in differentiating its brand which refers to its fundamental ideals and to its sets of values. A brand is a relationship: the strength of the relationship between the brand and customer. The Wall Street Journal has even published a DOD Jones Grange Index; the accompanying text was, ‘Wine lovers remember their first Grange the way they remember their first kiss! ‘. Pinfold’s’ advertisements carry the slogan â€Å"To those who do things for love not money’ and it’s also adapted to Grange. The relationship between Pinfold’s Grange and its customers are trust, consistent, dependability and exclusiveness. This is reflected by the loyalty of customers to their favorite wine brand. Grange was first released in 1951, but until now it is still the most famous wine and attract amount of number wine lovers who are willing wait for its new line ear by year despite the price rises and supply tensions, even promote this brand among others. It means that Fanfold Grange has built the trust and strong consistent in its customers’ mind by its quality and reputation themselves. Although Grange was launched in the market for more than five decades, it still has strong sales. The relationship between Pinfold’s Grange and its customers is also stronger because Pinfold’s always envelop its users with the image they want to signal to their social surroundings. A brand is a customer reflection. When mentioning about brand reflection, it is about he customer should be reflected as he or she wishes to be seen as a result of using a brand. Pinfold’s Grange is the sort of wine language for people who have deep pockets need to hear. Target segment of Pinfold’s is the customers who fall in medium and high disposable income, general from business background, have an average age of 35 plus, and are very loyal to a brand and aware of the wines in the market. In addition, these customers demand high quality wines with taste and texture. That is the reason why prestige, discerning and high social status are the thoughts of others to Grange lovers when they drink this wine. In addition, person who drinks Pinfold’s wine seems to be successful and looks like enjoying her/his successful life. A brand speaks to our self-image. Different from reflection which is how others see the brand’s users, self-image is the feeling of users themselves when they use the brand. Pinfold’s lovers in general and Grange in particular, feel confident and sophisticated when they drink this wine due to they are enjoying one of the most luxury and the highest quality in the world. Moreover, they feel special because we all know that with its luxurious and high-cost wine label, Pinfold’s Grange would push their grandmothers over for. And â€Å"it’s clearly cemented itself as a gift worthy of someone who’s Just been elected premier of Australia’s most populous state†. A customer might see himself fabulous and capable of drinking Pinfold’s Grange. Customers wish to display themselves that they are a part of community in which people have social approval, they are elegant, sophisticated and successful when they choose Pinfold’s Grange. In conclusion, this brand identity prism is a helpful tool in positioning Pinfold’s Grange in the wine market at the current time which help our group come up with a MIMIC plan for the release event of Grange in next October. How to cite Penfolds Grange Brand Prism, Papers

Environmental Laws and Ethics

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Laws and Ethics. Answer: Introduction The efficiency of lawful reformation in the state of law is largely restricted within three levels of Australian government. Legal reformation has been enforced to attain the sustainable environment with the help of local, state territory and Federal Parliament. On the contrary, the three levels have applicable system of law, which represents to the government so that it can place these rules in action (Coffee et al. 2015). The theory of rule of law is imposed which states that no person is considered beyond the regulation but must be treated equally in the eyes of law. In saying so, law is considered as ever-changing and receptive entity helps in modifying it over the course of time. On 30th January 2017, an article published on ASIC news reported the imprisonment of David Kirkpatrick after finding that an offence is committed on publishing an advertisement, which was not true with the objective of expanding the share capital of the company. Because of the stated resources David Kirkpatrick, the former Chairman of Waratah was sentenced for a term of 12-month imprisonment. The publication stated that the company was receiving approximately $100 million from china, which was considered to be true. On the contrary, the money was destined to be used to improve the surrounding image of the company in accordance with the report stated by the manager. He assigned with the responsibility of amending the advertisement within a span of ten days however, he opted not to correct it. The article laid down the several types of law, which is stated below. Lawful Rising of Issue: The publication raises an issue of Australian Corporate Law. Corporate law can be defined as the practice or study where shareholders, directors, employees, creditors and different type of stakeholders in the form of consumers and community interact with the environment or one another. The major reason behind the sentence of David Kirkpatrick was his failure to comply with the Corporate Law under the regulations of ASIC. The court stated in his declaration that David is not considered appropriate to serve the position of managing director in a public organisation (Chen, Ramsay and Welsh 2016). Through the false advertisement, he misrepresented the company and mislead the public so that the he can increase the share capital of company from the dwindling cost of 3.6. Mainly due to this reason he was banned from discharging his duties in the position of managing director of a public company for the period of five years under the corporation law in Australia. The rule was implemented by ASIC and companies operating in Australia are under obligations to abide by the rules. ASIC imposed the law with the objective of ensuring that every individuals and organisations behave in a certain manner as notified under the code of conduct. In compliance with the law it is anticipated that individuals must provide true and fair information to the public without any objective of misleading others in the community. As stated under the article, David Kirkpatrick was anticipated to provide true news to the public. Present Corporate Law Reforms: The corporation law in Australia is undergoing reformation. Several types of actions will be integrated in order to facilitate nurturing of financial investment by decreasing his costs of fundraising encountered by the Australian companies. Fundraisers should disclose the potential investors with all relevant information regarding the available merchandise to bring up the system of capital in Australia with major international market segments (Welsh 2014). It is becoming clear that reformation is necessary even though the principle is reasonable in theory to prohibit the cost of fundraisers. Prospectus tends to consume a large amount of time and is often complicated to understand as it obscure the information, which is appealing to the consumers. Shareholders while reading the prospectus can face difficulties in completely understanding the them due to this it consumes the duration and intricacy. Issuers have often criticised that they are compelled to state needless information in the prospectus and tends to increase the cost of prospectus (Koch 2016). Below stated are the following reformations that will raise the effective procedure of raising fund along with the guidelines of reducing the business charges. Introducing a brief form of prospectus for retail shareholders having technological information within the separate documents that is available on demand; Providing permission to buyers in certain companies to locate a short statement of account involving vital information as opposed in the full prospectus; Enabling companies to make prospectus in digital structure and allocating them through the help of Web or other form of Multimedia. In agreement with such kind of reformations, it will help in easing out things present in Australian corporate world. First, the reformation process looks forward to shortening the procedure of delivering information from an organisation to the public. The reformation procedure will help in regulating the information passed by the company. This will assist in regulating the industry along with the protection of interest of investors by assuring that are only provided with those information that provides true and fair image of the establishment (Welsh 2014). This will be helpful for the investors, as this will assist them in undertaking informed decision making each time when they intend to make decisions of investment. Conclusion: The theory of corporate law is regarded as essential in the industry. The corporate law helps in regulating the business establishment in order to ensure that they operate fairly to their customers, investors and other stakeholders involved in their organisation. Without the law it will be difficult for the corporate world to provide protection to its shareholders and stakeholders. Hence, ASIC plays an important role in ensuring that the corporate law is effectively followed by the organisation functioning in Australia. For instance, as stated in the article David Kirkpatrick must have acted wisely by understanding that it acted against the law by providing false information to the public. He must have also taken corrective measure to correct the information in order to avoid imprisonment. Reference List: Coffee Jr, J.C., Sale, H. and Henderson, M.T., 2015. Securities regulation: Cases and materials. Chen, V., Ramsay, I. and Welsh, M.A., 2016. Corporate law reform in Australia: An analysis of the influence of ownership structures and corporate failure. Welsh, M., 2014. Realising the public potential of corporate law: Twenty years of civil penalty enforcement in Australia.Fed. L. Rev.,42, p.217. Koch, D., 2016. Editorial: Future Prospects.The Journal of Space Syntax,6(2), pp.vi-vii.

Introduction of The City Strategy Pathfinder Programme

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Research Paper Essays

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Research Paper Essays Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Research Paper Essay Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Research Paper Essay Research Paper on ADHD Review of Literature Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a mental disorder in children which includes a group of symptoms that comprises loss of attention, impulsive behavior and hyperactivity. These signs and symptoms are noticed in children between six and twelve years (Oord et al., 2012). The symptoms are pronounced in changing environments. Sleeping disorders and anxiety is also noted among children with ADHD (Oord et al., 2012). ADHD is defined as an abnormal mental condition in children which causes a significant impact on the education of a child (Barkley, 2006). Diagnosis of ADHD is mostly made through symptoms observation (Tatlow-Golden et al., 2016). Treatment entails pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. These entire plans meet the criteria for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity condition listed by the American psychologists association (Chronis et al., 2006). Pharmacological methods include stimulant and non-stimulant methods. Methylphenidate is the drug that has been the most practiced pharmacological approach. Non-pharmacological methods include behavioral therapies. These non-pharmacological behavioral therapies include Parent training, educational plans and training the patients on necessary social skills (Chronis et al., 2006). Parent training entails some reinforcement therapies such as positive and negative reinforcement policies. Rewarding positive behavior and punishing bad behavior has resulted in significant impact on ADHD patients (Lee, et al., 2012). Various classroom measures such as praise, timeouts during hyperactivity episodes, keeping daily scores by the teachers has also resulted in reduced symptoms in these patients (Chronis et al., 2006). Pharmacological treatment of the ADHD includes various methods: the use of stimulant drugs which include amphetamine and methylphenidate (Chronis et al., 2006). Methylphenidate has been the first line and the preferred choice for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder . Some other drugs have listed though not approved for clinical use in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Vallerand et al., 2014). Long-acting stimulants have been preferred by most parents since the children could just take once without interfering with their school routines (Vallerand et al., 2014). The combination of the pharmacological stimulant therapy and behavioral therapy has shown to have an improved impact on the patients compared to the behavioral therapy alone or the standard community care (Oord, et al 2012). There has been a preference for either the combination method or behavioral therapy by parents and teachers, and its has a significant impact on the adherence to the therapeutic regimens has a substantial impact on the condition of the children (Vallerand et al., 2014). Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Research done by (Tatlow-Golden et al., 2016) shows that the efficiency of ADHD diagnosis was compromised as doctors were not able to recognize all the symptoms due to inadequate training and intricate nature of ADHD. Diagnosis of other mental conditions such as mood disorder was more efficient (Tatlow-Golden et al., 2016). Many general practitioners diagnosed challenging and misguided behavior as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder though they diagnosed the primary symptoms of impulsiveness, inattention and hyperactivity right (Tatlow-Golden et al., 2016). ADHD Therapy According to research (Vallerand et al., 2014) regarding behavioral therapies for children with this condition; ADHD showed that there was an important niche in the administration process of these behavioral treatments. The administrators of these therapies lacked insight into some of the methods. It was considered a psychosocial intervention and hence was not a prioritized approach in the management of children who have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Vallerand et al., 2014). The significant value was emphasized on other methods such as the pharmacological method compared to the behavior modification methods (Vallerand et al., 2014). The observation in the research is similar to previous studies carried by Weiss (Vallerand et al., 2014).Weiss demonstrated the different emphasis received by the two methods (Weiss et al., 2008). The research also noted that there was lack of adequate training of physicians regarding the behavior modification therapy used in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Vallerand et al., 2014)The healthcare professionals assumed there was no need of the methods as behavior modification will be achieved by mental health education systems (Vallerand et al., 2014). Other professionals didnt contribute to the use of the behavioral training methods to achieve symptom relief as there was no evidence to support that in the research (Vallerand et al., 2014). The gap in knowledge of the behavioral training therapies has significantly undermined the use of this method by healthcare professionals to achieve quality management of the patients (Vallerand et al., 2014) Overlapping knowledge of evidence and non-evidence-based behavioral methods and failure to comprehend the difference has prevented the prioritization of the evidence-based practices and access to them (Vallerand et al., 2014). They also found out the level of specification and details of the behavioral guidelines also differed and contributed to different outcomes. Due to this the research suggests inclusion of all relevant behavioral therapy guidelines to achieve maximum utility and relief of the symptoms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients (Vallerand et al., 2014) Its possible that the research by Vallerand didnt acknowledge all the relevant behavioral guidelines due to the inclusion criteria used in the study (Vallerand et al., 2014). The omitted guidelines have been shown to have a significant impact on behavioral modification in patients. Research done by Paul Hodgkins et al notes that the type of behavioral change instructions is unique for every patient and has to be tailored according to the disease pattern and symptoms observed in the patient (Hodgkins et al., 2012). Pharmacological Method According to the research by Paul Hodgkins et al regarding amphetamine and methylphenidate medication use children with the mental disorder: ADHD, both the drugs improved the symptoms by reducing motor-related activity compared to the patients that were given placebo medications (Hodgkins et al.,2012).There was no drug that commanded overall superiority as the outcomes were different in different subjects, some showed amphetamine superiority while others showed methylphenidate, some registered no difference between the drugs (Hodgkins et al., 2012).The research points out the duration of action of the drug had a significant impact on the outcome (Hodgkins et al., 2012). The drugs had different adverse effects, and the study concludes that amphetamines resulted in apathy and unenthusiastic emotions, stomach pains while patients taking methylphenidate had fatigue, sleeping disorders, and nugatory emotions such as crying and sadness (Hodgkins et al., 2012). Children on amphetamine had more and severe side effects compared to those on methylphenidate (Hodgkins et al., 2012). However, increased nervousness and mannerisms were illustrated in boys taking methylphenidate compared to those on placebo. Such occurrences were negative in amphetamine patients (Hodgkins et al., 2012). Maximization of the positive effects of the drug in order to achieve reduction or abolishment of symptoms required thorough assessment of the patients condition, adequate monitoring of the patients to immediately treat any complications and severe side effects and ensuring total adherence to the drugs contributes in the optimization of the medicine effects (Hodgkins et al.,2012) Combination Treatment Method The research notes the significance of ADHD management that incorporates all forms of treatment has been acknowledged and approved in ADHD treatment guidelines (Hodgkins et al., 2012). Multimodal regimens showed superior outcomes compared to pharmacological therapy alone (Hodgkins et al., 2012). The study (Hodgkins et al., 2012) also explains that the multimodal treatment was superior as it was not affected by non-adherence. It supports prior studies that encourage the combination of pharmacological therapies and behavioral modification training methods due to the advantages linked to it (Hodgkins et al., 2012). This combination approach has been crucial in cases of attention deficit hyperactivity disorders that have coexisting diseases and in situations of financial incapability as its cost effective (Vallerand et al., 2014). It is evident that all the treatment regimens had no significant impact on inattention noted in attention deficit hyperactivity patients and some instances worsened. However, other symptoms including hyperactivity and impulsiveness improved with treatment (Oord et al., 2012). Conclusion The various treatment methods have significant impacts on management (Tatlow-Golden et al., 2016). The studies in this review also recognize the deficits in knowledge of general practitioners regarding the various treatment modules and diagnosis of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Tatlow-Golden et al., 2016). The research also notes that parents of children who have this mental disease; ADHD had higher levels of stress compared to other parents (Oord et al., 2012). References Hodgkins, P., Shaw, M., Coghill, D., Hechtman, L. (2012). Amfetamine and methylphenidate medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: complementary treatment options. European child adolescent psychiatry, 21(9), 477-492. McCarty, C. A., Vander Stoep, A., Violette, H., Myers, K. (2015). Interventions developed for psychiatric and behavioral treatment in the Childrens ADHD Telemental Health Treatment Study. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(6), 1735-1743. Oord, S., Prins, P. J. M., Oosterlaan, J., Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (2012). The Adolescent Outcome of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Treated with Methylphenidate or Methylphenidate Combined with Multimodal Behaviour Therapy: Results of a Naturalistic Followup Study. Clinical psychology psychotherapy, 19(3), 270-278. Tatlow-Golden, M., Prihodova, L., Gavin, B., Cullen, W., McNicholas, F. (2016). What do general practitioners know about ADHD? Attitudes and knowledge among first-contact gatekeepers: systematic narrative review. BMC Family Practice, 17(1), 129. Vallerand, I. A., Kalenchuk, A. L., McLennan, J. D. (2014). Behavioural treatment recommendations in clinical practice guidelines for attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder: a scoping review. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 19(4), 251-258.

Theory of operation single phase induction generator at load state , Thesis

Theory of operation single phase induction generator at load state , - Thesis Example , the excitation voltage and frequency vary depending on the rotor speed, the values of the capacitance and the winding inductance and the load current. For any value of capacitance, there is a minimum rotor speed at which self-excitation would occur [1]. It is difficult to measure the self inductance of the generator winding directly. An approximation can be made by driving the rotor at synchronous speed and measuring the stator voltage and current. At the rotor synchronous speed, no current is induced in the rotor and it is a virtual open circuit. The measured impedance (V/I) can be approximated for the winding self-inductance. From the above equations, it is clear that the self-inductance of the winding would vary with the voltage induced in the winding. The variation of magnetizing inductance with voltage for a specific induction generator is shown in Fig 2. b) For a given speed of the rotor, the voltage generated in the winding would vary with the value of the connected parallel capacitor. The relationship between the terminal voltage and the value of the capacitor for a specific induction generator is shown in Fig 3. One requirement in any electrical generator is for the terminal voltage to remain constant when the connected load varies. Most electrical loads operate satisfactorily only in a narrow range around their rated voltage. The value of capacitance needed to maintain constant terminal voltage at a given rotor speed is shown in Fig 4 for a specific induction generator. The graph shows that the variation is linear. In addition to the constant voltage, an alternating current generator also needs to supply power at a constant frequency. For the single phase self-excited generator, we know from induction motor theory that as the load current changes, the slip between the rotor and the stator would vary and cause the induced stator frequency to vary. This relationship for a specific induction generator is shown in Fig 5. 1. Robinson, L. and Holmes,

Manifest Destiny Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Manifest Destiny - Research Paper Example Native American tribes in the Southern colonies felt continued pressure from white expansionism, as whites continued to flood South Carolina, Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi in order to expand their highly lucrative commercial agriculture. With the founding of the United States in 1776, whites in North America began to develop a new sense of self and constructed a new identity that placed increasing emphasis on the superiority of whites over Native Americans. This developing sense of identity eventually coalesced in the ideology of Manifest Destiny, the belief that Americans had a divine directive and natural right to possess all land from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific. In 1839, John L. Sullivan argued that America was to be the new temple of God on Earth, a Tabernacle with the soil for its floor and the skies themselves as its ceiling. American politicians and intellectuals used the language of Christianity and divine Providence to justify any actions that had to be taken in t he name of American expansion throughout North America (Sullivan, 1968, p.19). Thomas Paine, one of America's Founding right to aggressive nationalism was becoming inevitable. ... right to aggressive nationalism was becoming inevitable. Billington and Ridge (1982), indicated that "the true story of the occupation of North America is the story of a conquest, not of an uncontested march westward of Anglo-American frontiersmen" (p.18). This paper aims to analyze the historical phenomenon of Manifest Destiny, transformation of its ideology, its justifications and significance. MANIFEST IDENTITY AND PROVIDENCE As the Americans began to extend their territorial holdings in North America, Americans began to search for a rhetoric of justification for the expansion. The American justification for expansion included: the special mission of Providence, faux scientific laws of race and national development, national right, social duty, national defense and the extension of freedom (Weinberg, 1935, p.2). Among these, the special mission of Providence, and a belief the God was leading the United States to claim more and more land played a particularly important role in the development of expansionist ideology. National mission means that a Higher Power has created a special "destiny higher than [the nation's] own security and well-being", and as such, mere economic or security issues cannot provide the only justification for claiming land on the continent (Rossiter, 1971, p.44). Not only were the Americans fulfilling a special mission from God, the Americans also believed they were worshiping God t hrough their expansion. John L. Sullivan (1968) wrote in 1839, "The boundless future will be the era of American greatness. In its magnificent domain of space and time, the nation of many nations is destined to manifest to mankind the excellence of divine principles; to establish on earth the noblest temple ever

Are Voltaire's and Goethe's social criticisms responsible for their Term Paper

Are Voltaire's and Goethe's social criticisms responsible for their protagonists' different ends - Term Paper Example The overview of these stories will provide some striking similarities in authors approach to magnify the evil elements of the society. Both protagonists had an ongoing journey of pain and agony which was the product of their personal believes and notions clashing with that of the society. As Voltaire pictures the horrific outcome of war: After passing over heaps of dead or dying men, the first place he came to was a neighboring village, in the Abarian territories, which had been burned to the ground by the Bulgarians, agreeably to the laws of war. Here lay a number of old men covered with wounds, who beheld their wives dying with their throats cut, and hugging their children to their breasts, all stained with blood. There several young virgins, whose bodies had been ripped open, after they had satisfied the natural necessities of the Bulgarian heroes, breathed their last; while others, half-burned in the flames, begged to be dispatched out of the world. The ground about them was covered with the brains, arms, and legs of dead men† (Voltaire 10, 11). Candide tried to flee from the place as soon as possible reflecting his hatred for war and to some extent his dissociation of emotions towards the victims. Here, Voltaire tried to highlight one of the dark sides of the society where woman were brutally victimized and used as a source to satiate the animal hunger of human flesh. Even the main characters of the novel Cunegonde, the old woman and Paquette were raped or made sex slaves. Moreover he criticized the psychology of the army men who proudly kills innocent people and quench their animal thirsts by sarcastically entitling them as ‘heroes’. Similar incidence happened in the other novel when Werther showed grieve over the heartache of country lad who tried to rape her mistress though he loved her so much. Goethe’s character also questioned the dim line between love and lust which

Example Answers for Marketing Management Exam Paper

Example Answers for Marketing Management Exam Paper 5. Identify and describe some problems and challenges to marketing managers in relation to change and innovation. Critically discuss the links between strategic marketing management and the change environment with particular reference to Levitts (1960) seminal article Marketing Myopia. In the marketing context, change brought about by economic recession, disruptive technologies usage and privation can all affect the stability of market environment (Sirmon, Hitt and Ireland, 2007). Global economy is accelerating at a fast rate giving way to competitive risks and opportunities. Therefore, effective strategic planning is incumbent that could help marketers to survive and improve their company performance in turbulent environments (Ireland and Hitt, 2005). Change environment and strategic marketing management: Strategic management involves the role played by managers to align business organization with changing environment. Mostly business organizations are being regulated on narrow vision, therefore in order to bring about change and innovation, the corporate vision of organization must be reexamined to define markets in a broader context. This was the crux of Levitts article marketing myopia, i.e. marketers focus on the products instead of customer. According to him the environmental change is not a major contributor in the problems faced by industries rather it is the constricted stance of their marketing managers or decision makers. It is basically the failure linked with the top managements inability to cope with the business beyond the narrow confines of conventional production procedures. False myths like prediction of an avid market share due to increase in population, absence of substitutes and total reliance on mass production lead to marketing myopia. Approach of the marketers should be customer centric rather than product centric as Levitt has rightfully given the example of Henry Ford, the founder of Ford Motors who adopted the strategy to lessen cost price of cars to attract more customers. Technology cannot always guarantee successful market outcomes therefore sometimes firms have to give away their personal profits to gain long term market survival. The strategic marketing management and its interaction with the firms environment play a vital moderating role. As both components are regarded dynamic, it is less frequent that the firms succumb to the tendencies of marketing myopia. Contrary to that if the marketing environment is static, myopic stance is inevitable and the firm will have to suffer the consequences. For avoiding myopia, a firm will have to adjust with the changing market demands (Lichtenthal, and Iyer, 2003). Presentation1JJ.bmp Table: Typology of firm-environment links To deal with the change environment, firms can develop new strategies with the aid of Mckinsey 7S Model that have the tendency to foresee hard factors (e.g. systems, structure) and soft factors (like culture, education level of employees, shared values etc). The method is also helpful for merger and acquisition (Egner, 2009). mckinsey-7s-model-software_business___productivity_barcode_software-31759-screenshot.gif Hard Elements Soft Elements Strategy Structure Systems Shared Values Skills Style Staff 2. What are competencies and capabilities? Argue the importance of a marketing manager assessing business competencies and capabilities in the fulfillment of corporate and marketing objectives. Use examples of competences and capabilities to illustrate your answer. Competencies and capabilities: These concepts of strategic management refer to the ability of a business organization to provide the services being promised to potential clients. Both are interrelated but differ in their applicability in the marketing context. Competencies might be regarded as the skills possessed by a firm on which the marketing manager or retailer can make strategic decisions. These can be brought about by providing high level customer service or skills like utilization of modern technology by the marketing company. An example of competencies could be the CRM initiatives of the real estate firm, Barratt Developments PLC. Capabilities are reflected through the business organizations actual behavior encompassing the ability of the firm to expand its resource base in order to attain competitive advantage in the market. They can be judged on the basis of firms values, resources and processes (e.g. communication and decision making pattern). Importance of marketing manager: Every business organization possesses some core competencies that are required to be critically evaluated for proper market functioning in coming years. Therefore, managers of a business organization should start developing and planning strategies to achieve these competencies beforehand. For example with the wide scale implementation of the e-tailing concept, maintaining and designing of a website could be the competence that is deemed crucial for success among competitors (Sullivan and Adcock, 2002, p. 323). Skills can be bought in the retail sector yet the onset of developing skills is regarded a better option. Resources and skills for example the retail staff human resources should be honed into the capability for providing a service at a specific marketing level. According to Kotler (1997) for delivering satisfaction to the clients, a good marketing manager should be able to determine the needs for customer satisfaction and express them through organizations capabilities. By strategically investing in resources, development of capability and competencies should be planned by the marketing managers in relation to the marketing objectives set forth by the firm based on the knowledge of current business environment and strategies that are possible to execute. Although development of competencies and capabilities are sometimes difficult to control, managers must predict the future requirements by taking into account current needs (Sullivan and Adcock, 2002, p. 323).

Life on the Border Essay -- Personal Narrative Mexico Immersion Trip E

Life on the Border I used to be a person who was hung up on material possessions. I was always wanting more, never satisfied with what I had. Whenever I would go to the mall, I would want everything that I saw. If I had money I would always spend it. I was constantly buying things that I didn’t need or only used once. I felt like I was unfortunate because I didn’t have a new outfit every week, and I couldn’t get a new pair of shoes every time I walked out the door, but that all changed the summer of my junior year. I was chosen, along with nine other girls from my school, to go on a border immersion trip to Juarez, Mexico. Our teacher, Mrs.Hartrich, thought that it would be a good idea if we would all get together at least once a week to learn more about what it was like to live on the border. But, no matter how many times we got together or how many books we read, nothing could have prepared me for what I was going to experience while I was down there. We left on June 13 on a plane headed for El Paso, Texas. We would be staying at the Loretto School, our sister school, and then every morning we would cross over the border into Ciudad Juarez and go work at a daycare center, Centro del Spiritu Sanctu. Our first day there we didn’t go to the daycare center, instead we met some friends of Mrs. Hartrich’s, Betty and Peter. They live in Juarez, and what they do is help out the people in their community. They also help people who are coming down from the United States to help out for the first time or people who are coming back from Central or South America and need a place to stay before heading back to the United States. Betty told us about the maquilladoras. They are sweatshops that a lot of big corporations in America, like N... ...illadoras, and I now do most of my shopping in thrift stores. I appreciate what I have more and I don’t mind not having a new outfit every day. The people I met while on the trip have given me a better understanding of what life is really like on the border. I try to make other people aware of what life is like in Mexico, because sometimes the best form of help is education. Because of my work at the daycare I now enjoy the simpler things in life, and I appreciate more the little everyday things that I used to take for granted, like running water. The children at the daycare center taught me a very important lesson; simplicity is the key to happiness. There is one thing that has stuck out in my mind ever since the trip, Rueban, a man who ran a refugee center in El Paso, told us, "The poor don’t need us, we need the poor." I will never forget that as long as I live.

Brand Management Mid Term Study Guide Essay

The exam will have a mix of multiple-choice questions and short answers, with a higher total number of points for short answer questions. NOTE: Anything and everything covered in class (through lectures, discussion, articles, activities, etc. ) and/or posted on Blackboard, are potential exam material. The topics listed below can be used as a Study Guide. However, from an exam point of view, that does NOT preclude the other material covered in class. Introduction to Basic Issues: defining a brand; new challenges; the concept of brand equity; steps in the strategic brand management process. Branding Innovations and New Products: Issues in branding innovations; different options in naming a new product/innovation; becoming brand exemplars; first mover issues; reasons for new branding innovations to succeed versus fail; reasons for branding an innovation. Brands, Branding, and Meaning of Brands: Brands and competitive advantage; brand story/meaning; brands and competitive advantages; brands as signals of product quality; designing branding strategy. Brand Positioning: Defining comparative frames of reference; issues related to PoP and PoD; brand positioning; product category membership; challenges in positioning; core brand values; brand mantras. Brand Extensions and Brand Portfolios: When are brand extensions appropriate? When are they successful/unsuccessful? Advantages/disadvantages of brand extensions; key aspects of brand portfolios; criteria for cutting down brands and brand extensions from a portfolio. Managing Brands over Time: Long-term vs. short-term foci and the related strategies; revitalizing a fading brand; improving and reinforcing brand image over time. HBS Cases: You should be familiar with the concepts/principles that we discussed in class in the context of the HBS cases, such as traditional vs. non-traditional branding strategies and breakaway positioning strategy.

Free Essays on Racial Faultlines

Brief #5-â€Å"Racial Faultlines â€Å" The article, Racial Faultlines by Tomas Almaguer, talks about the fact that people experience a variety of different â€Å"racialized relationships† in California. Due to a higher multiracial population where more Mexican, Indian, Chinese and Japanese populations live in the state, California had a much less binary racial mix than most areas. In many places, racial relationships are more binary, or black and white. Almaguer discusses how these different peoples are viewed within the social strata of the state using examples of how Mexican Americans are treated differently that Native Americans, although both races are dark complexioned, etc. He discusses how the different cultures were dominated by â€Å"whites† and how racial order and class hierarchy was determined by skin color and social conception. I really enjoyed the point that the author made when discussing the differences in the way indigenous Mexican Americans were treated as opposed to indigenous Indian Americans, although they were both dark skinned and often of shared ancestry. It really does give credence to the idea of race as a social construction. I see a direct correlation here between the local ruling classes of the Californio Elite and the treatment of the Mexican people, if Europeans detected a class system was in place, they would have considered this civilized in many ways. While the Indians had a completely different type of social stratification in their culture and totally alien religion. It is easy to see how people with a certain mindset might have considered them savage. As people often identify with the familiar and consider the unfamiliar to be bad, strange or even evil.... Free Essays on Racial Faultlines Free Essays on Racial Faultlines Brief #5-â€Å"Racial Faultlines â€Å" The article, Racial Faultlines by Tomas Almaguer, talks about the fact that people experience a variety of different â€Å"racialized relationships† in California. Due to a higher multiracial population where more Mexican, Indian, Chinese and Japanese populations live in the state, California had a much less binary racial mix than most areas. In many places, racial relationships are more binary, or black and white. Almaguer discusses how these different peoples are viewed within the social strata of the state using examples of how Mexican Americans are treated differently that Native Americans, although both races are dark complexioned, etc. He discusses how the different cultures were dominated by â€Å"whites† and how racial order and class hierarchy was determined by skin color and social conception. I really enjoyed the point that the author made when discussing the differences in the way indigenous Mexican Americans were treated as opposed to indigenous Indian Americans, although they were both dark skinned and often of shared ancestry. It really does give credence to the idea of race as a social construction. I see a direct correlation here between the local ruling classes of the Californio Elite and the treatment of the Mexican people, if Europeans detected a class system was in place, they would have considered this civilized in many ways. While the Indians had a completely different type of social stratification in their culture and totally alien religion. It is easy to see how people with a certain mindset might have considered them savage. As people often identify with the familiar and consider the unfamiliar to be bad, strange or even evil....

Hernando Cortez essays

Hernando Cortez essays Hernando Cortez was born in 1485 in Medellin, Extremadura. He studied law at the University of Salamanca but left after two years and decided to try in the Americas. Cortez went to Santo Domingo in 1504. In 1511 he became the mayor Cuba. In 1518 Cortez went to Mexico. In 1519, Cortez, with 600 men, and 20 horses, set sail from Cuba. Cortez sailed along the coast of Yucatan and in 1519 landed in Mexico, taking the town of Tabasco. Cortez learned from the natives of Tabasco of the Aztec Empire and its ruler, Montezuma II. Cortez took many of the locals prisoners, one was, Malachi. She was the interpreter, guide, and counselor for the Spanish. So the soldiers would not desert and spread the news to Cuba, Cortez destroyed his ships. Montezuma talked to Cortez to get him to stay away from the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan. Cortez then started to march inland. He defeated the native Tlaxcalans and then they joined sides with Cortez against the Aztecs. This proved to be a very tigh t alliance between these two people. Montezuma decided not to try and fight the Spanish, but to wait for them to come and to learn what they where there for. On November 8, 1519, Cortez entered the city. Some think that the Aztecs may have believed Cortez was a legendary god-king who was expected to return from the east. The soldiers were allowed to go through the city and take all the gold and other treasures they wanted. Cortez still believed that there would be attempts made to drive him out. So to be safe, he captured Montezuma and made him provide a ransom of gold and jewels. After a while harsh rules had made the Aztecs mad. A revolt against the Spanish started. They surrounded and attacked Cortez. Montezuma tried to stop the revolt, but he was stoned, and he died three days later. The Spanish were driven out of the city on June 30, 1520. In July, 1520, Cortez reached Tlaxcala. There he reorganized his army with some re ...

Employee Health Plan 2010 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employee Health Plan 2010 - Essay Example The Employee Health Department would schedule check-ups and administration of annual PPDs, (kindly spell out) vaccinations such as Hepatitis B, MMR, Varicella and Influenza through regular correspondences and memoranda. This 2010, the Kennedy Health System is considering administering Pertussis Vaccine to those with risk of exposure. Further, a wellness program would be launched this year with the objective of maintaining good health and improving one’s lifestyle through awareness of health risks and practice of well balanced nutritional diet and enough physical exercise. The 2010 Kennedy Health System Employee Health programs focuses on associate vaccination programs assisting in following up on body substance exposures, injuries, and communicable diseases and maintaining employee health records as required by NJDOHSS, OSHA, AOA, and the Joint Commission. In addition, pursuant to the requirements of OSHA and the Joint Commission of Accredited Hospitals Organization, standards on the Safe Patient Handling Act would be highlighted and required orientation and training, as required, would be administered. The wellness programs (weight and stress management, smoking cessation, cardiovascular health management) would be launched on a self-directed approach making it free, voluntary and addresses unique issues tailored to each employee’s needs. The EHP focuses of measuring its effectiveness through performance evaluation reports and regular assessments specifically in areas of high risk exposures such as Sharps/Fluid Exposure; Communicable Diseases; Influenza Vaccinations; Hepatitis Vaccinations, MMR Vaccines, Varicella Vaccines, among others. With the upcoming implementation of the administration for Pertussis Vaccine to those with risk for exposure, appropriate standards and rules of administration would be outlined for dissemination and appropriate guidelines. Benefits for the EHP are available to all new and

Security questions regarding U.S. military support to Turkey Essay

Security questions regarding U.S. military support to Turkey - Essay Example In the recent crisis between Syria and Turkey the following problem has appeared: does NATO approve the initiatives of Turkey, so far, in regard to the military conflicts within Syria? The answer seems to be positive. This view is based on the statement of the Secretary-General Rasmussen that ‘obviously Turkey can rely on NATO solidarity’, a statement made on the 9th of October (NATO 2012). Of course, as a member of NATO, Turkey has right to ask for such support. Still, the intervention of NATO in the conflict between Turkey and Syria would have certain implications that can be reflected in a series of security questions. 2. U.S. military support to Turkey – Security questions In order to refer to an issue as being related to security it is necessary for certain terms to be met. The common form of security questions is described in the study of Everts (2001). According to the above researcher, a security question can be related to different issues. Reference can b e made, for example, to the ‘democratic government’ (Everts 2001, p.44), as a security question. It should be noted that through the decades, the form of security questions has been changed. Energy, environment and allies’ security are common security questions in countries worldwide (Everts 2001, p.44). ... een Turkey and Kurds – Democratic question as a security question The claim of Kurds for the creation of their own state within Turkey is quite old (Brauch et al. 2003). However, since the beginning of the crisis between Syria and Turkey, the efforts of Kurds to promote their geopolitical interests have become quite strong (Dannreuther 2012). On the 3rd of October a Syrian attack on a Turkish town resulted to the death of five civilians (BBC News 2012). Turkey responded with attacks on targets near the borders (Guzel & Frazer 2012); the UN Council supported the specific initiative of Turkey (Guzel & Frazer 2012). The provision of military support by NATO to Turkey would allow the latter to develop extensive military operations against Syria. However, in case that the conflict between Turkey and Syria would be further expanded, then Kurds would possibly take the chance to develop more dynamic operations against the Turkish militants. In such case, the political stability of Tur key would be set in risk, a fact that would negatively affect the popularity of Turkish government. The stability of the country’s polity, as this stability would be threatened by the expansion of armed conflicts within Turkish territory, can be characterized as one of the most important security questions related to NATO’s intervention in the conflict between Turkey and Syria. 2.2 The geopolitical stability of European Union – Supporting the allies’ safety as a security question The political and social stability in Turkey can highly affect the geopolitical stability of European Union. The potential involvement of Turkey in a war would threaten the security of EU, even if Turkey is not a member state. Moreover, the cooperation between Turkey and the EU is close, especially in terms of

Final exam 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Final exam 2 - Essay Example The information provided by the book with regard to the topic is one that shows that President Kennedy did not help people or rather workers during his tenure in that he did not push to the civil rights movements. It is critical to understand that a president is very critical towards initiating change and the fact that President Kennedy did nothing to see to changes shows how much of a poor leader he was. This information is important in comprehending the issue of a just society. A just society is one that involves people receiving similar treatment and not having one group showing superiority to the other. According to the book, John F. Kennedy Struggle for Black Equality, there is the understanding that the Black community did not have as much respect as it has today (Bryant 78). The reason behind the unfairness shown to this community is the fact that it was condescended upon by many other groups. There was a poll carried out in the United States between the year 1960 and 1961 that was to reveal the views of the people on what had to be done for America to advance in society (Bryant 93). This factor adds value to the entire project in that there is the understanding that earlier presidents in the United States did not support the black community as they were supposed to. The reason for this is the fact that they were all white. This proves that the American society has not always been just throughout the years. The information provided by the book is important to college students and history enthusiastic people. The fact that the students get to understand the history of the United States and the society makes them appreciate the current environment. In modern times, there are very few issues revolving around civil issues such as racism and social segregation. The changes witnessed in contemporary days are a product of the increased activism by different people in society. The Bystander: John F. Kennedy and the Struggle for Black

Htc Introduction Essay Example for Free

Htc Introduction Essay HTC quickly emerged on the smartphone scene with the remarkable success of The Sense, one of its first models, and broke many industry sales records. People were asking, â€Å"Who is HTC? † Our research indicates that HTCs rapid rise to success was because of innovation and technological capabilities. Even though the HTC brand was not widely recognized, its smartphones were generating interest. In our primary research, we discovered that some people owned an HTC phone but did not know that HTC was the manufacturer. Obviously, brand awareness was relatively low. For HTC to stay relevant in the hypercompetitive smartphone industry, it needs serious revamping of its marketing plan. With smartphone market penetration increasing to more than 20 percent in the past five years and reaching 46. 8 percent in Q3 2011, HTC has tremendous opportunities to establish a solid market position. After examining the market conditions and current HTC performance in the U. S. , our team proposes that HTC position itself as a technological leader by targeting consumers ages 18 to 34. This promising segment has potential sales of $2. 5 million. We analyzed the industry and examined external factors that could impact HTCs bottom line. This analysis gave us crucial insight into the smartphone market. We also analyzed the competitive environment that includes Apple, Motorola, and RIM (Blackberry). HTC, which has a positive reputation on the merits of its technology, needs to boldly differentiate itself in the marketplace. Through market analysis, we discovered that HTC has a strong market size, market potential, and distinct target markets. We recommend that HTC take specific steps through segmenting, targeting, and positioning to execute its marketing plan. We are confident that our plan can increase HTCs market share by 2 percent each year. By the end of 2012, our marketing objective is to reach a 24 percent market share of the smartphone industry, which equals 18. 7 million HTC customers. The plan includes recommendations and precautions at distribution channels so that HTC differentiates itself from the other brands. We developed a budget for the marketing plan and devised procedures to monitor each effort in order to reach our projected market share increase. We are confident that our marketing plan can take HTC from an emerging brand to a dominant market leader.

Strategic Management of Downsizing

Strategic Management of Downsizing Introduction This has become a major strategic alternative by well known firms such as DuPont, ATT and IBM (Hopkins, S Hopkins W., 1999). It is not only told in the daily newspapers but as well as in the entertainment industry. The recent movie entitled â€Å"Up in the Air† starred by George Clooney wherein his job was to tell employees that their position is no longer available. Top management plays an important role in this course of action. The strategic decision to downsize implies some ethical issues: first, the managers obligation for the best interest of the company and secondly, making sure not to violate the rights of the employees. It is in fact, the most preferred option of companies to sustain operating costs and comply with the existing scope of the business. It is an important management venture and requires large assistance from the human resource management team. Downsizing is extremely difficult. No one looks forward to being laid off. The extremely difficult decisions of who must be laid off, how much notice they will be given, the amount of severance pay, and how far the company will go to help the laid-off employee find another job are given less than adequate attention. These are critical decisions that have as much to do with the future of the organization as they do with the future of the laid-off employees. How It All Started Downsizing is the conscious use of permanent personnel reductions in an attempt to improve efficiency and/or effectiveness (Budros 1999, p.70). Since the 1980s, downsizing has gained strategic legitimacy. Indeed, recent research on downsizing in the US (Baumol et al. 2003, see also the American Management Association annual surveys since 1990), UK (Sahdev et al. 1999; Chorely 2002; Mason 2002; Rogers 2002), and Japan (Mroczkowski and Hanaoka 1997; Ahmakjian and Robinson 2001) suggests that downsizing is being regarded by management as one of the preferred routes to turning around declining organizations, cutting cost and improving organizational performance (Mellahi and Wilkinson 2004) most often as a cost-cutting measure. Euphemisms are often used to â€Å"dsoften the blow† in the process of firing and being fired, (Wilkinson 2005, Redman and Wilkinson, 2006) including â€Å"downsize†, â€Å"excess†, â€Å"rightsize†, â€Å"delayering†, â€Å"smartsize†, â€Å"redeployment†, â€Å"workforce reduction†, â€Å"workforce optimization†, â€Å"simplification†, â€Å"force shaping†, â€Å"recussion†, and â€Å"reduction in force† (also called a â€Å"RIF†, especially in the government employment sector). â€Å"Mass layoff† implies laying off a large number of workers. â€Å"Attrition† implies that positions will be eliminated as workers quit or retire. â€Å"Early retirement† means workers may quit now yet still remain eligible for their retirement benefits later. While â€Å"redundancy† is a specific legal term in UK labor law, it may be perceived as obfuscation. Firings imply misco nduct or failure while lay-offs imply economic forces beyond ones control. During the past several weeks, major staff reductions taking place across the world. Tens of valued professional Jewish communal workers along with competent and loyal administrative and support staff have received pink slips in some cases they were given just two days notice to clear out their offices as their jobs were being retrenched. These costs saving measures are not unique to Jewish organizations and have been seen thorough-out the public, private and not-for-profit sectors the world over. However, these massive layoffs raise the issue of the ethics of downsizing and whether or not there is a Jewish approach to these practices, particularly when it concerns employees who work for the Jewish community. Why Downsizing is an Ethical Issue Anytime were faced with a decision that can affect the rights or well-being of others, were looking at an ethical issue. No matter how strong the justifications for reducing the workforce are or seem to be, laying off loyal and productive employees is an upsetting experience for all concerned, and those on the receiving end face not just financial but psychological injury. How so? For many of us, the workplace isnt just a place for work; its where we develop and maintain some of the most important relationships we have. During the week, we spend more time with co-workers than with our families, and for better or worse, work is how many of us define ourselves and give meaning to our lives. Getting laid off compromises all of these things, so managers should think of downsizing as a deep and painful trauma for those being let go, and not as a mere setback or reversal of fortune. Yes, downsizing has legal implications, and it is understandable that companies want to minimize their liability when they downsize. Yes, there are economic matters to consider, which makes downsizing a management issue, too. But at its core, downsizing is an ethical issue, and the good manager is concerned not just with protecting the companys financial and legal interests but also with honoring the dignity and integrity of the human beings who work on the front lines and who are the lifeblood of the organization. What Are Your Ethical Responsibilities Downsizing successfully is immensely difficult. The following ideas can help to focus thinking for anyone considering such a move. Treat all employees with respect. Communicate too much rather than withhold information. Research applicable laws and follow the spirit of the legislation. Then afterwards, give employees the psychological space to accept, and discuss, Downsizing refers to a companys decision to reduce its workforce not because of poor performance, criminal conduct, or unethical behavior on the part of those being let go. The word is a euphemism meant to soften the blow as much for the company as it is for the soon-to-be eliminated. There is nothing wrong with making a difficult task easier to bear. In fact, there are good ethical reasons for doing so, as well soon see. Still, there is no getting around the fact that downsizing is a type of layoff, with all that this implies. The ethical manager will keep in mind what is really going when he or she is charged with letting good people go. Do it the right way. Showing compassion for these employees is the right thing and ethical thing to do no matter what the ultimate decision of the outcome. Do it in person. This seems obvious thing to do, but surprisingly a number of reports said about employees who were downsized on the phone or by e-mail. Managers who use this method claim it makes the whole thing easier to deal with. Yes, but for whom? Certainly, not for the employee being let go. As uncomfortable as it is to end someones employment, the right thing to do is to have a private conversation with him or her in person. The ethical principle of respect for others (BusinessWeek.com, 1/31/07) requires nothing less. Do it privately. Respecting others means honoring their wishes and values, and it is reasonable to assume that most people would prefer to have troubling news delivered in private. This means in your office, with the door closed. Ive heard of managers who broke the bad news at the employees cubicle within earshot of everyone in the vicinity. Again, one would think that this would be a matter of common sense and common decency, but apparently neither is all that common. Give the person your full attention. Interrupting the conversation to take phone calls, check your BlackBerry, or engage in other distractions isnt just rude, it tells the other person that the matter at hand isnt all that important to you. Thats yet another violation of the principle of respect. The impulse to turn your attention to less troubling matters is understandable, but along with the privileges of being a manager come responsibilities, and downsizing with integrity is one of the most important obligations you have. Be honest, but not brutally so. Must you always tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth? Yes, if youre giving sworn testimony in a court of law, but beyond the courtroom the duty to tell the truth is constrained by the duty to minimize harm. In practical terms, this means being forthright with the employee but also choosing with the care the words, tone of voice, and demeanor you use. Compassion (BusinessWeek.com, 2/22/07) literally, â€Å"suffering with† someone honors the dignity of your employee and speaks to the better part of your nature. We cant always make things better (BusinessWeek, 1/18/07), but we shouldnt make things worse. Dont rush. A shock takes time to absorb. Imagine that your physician says you have a serious illness. Wouldnt you expect him or her to allow the news sink in, rather than to summarily dismiss you and call for the next patient? Being let go isnt as serious as getting a diagnosis of cancer or heart disease, but it is still a major, life-changing event. You owe your employee the space to absorb the information, and you may have to explain more than once what is happening and why. You would demand nothing less if it were happening to you, and you would be right to do so. These guidelines assume that the organization has good reasons for downsizing but what if you dont see things this way? For example, suppose your company believes that it is necessary to shift its customer service jobs overseas (BusinessWeek.com, 9/27/07), and you believe that doing so is both unethical and bad for business. In this case, you not only have a right to object, you have an ethical obligation to object. Does this mean that you should be prepared to give up your job on moral grounds? Not necessarily. Depending on your personal circumstances, your duties to your family or to yourself might justifiably override the value of making a statement by quitting. Even if you are committed to keeping as many jobs in the U.S. as possible, this goal will take time to achieve, and it may be easier to do so from within the company than from the outside. Conclusion There are two main issues to keep in mind when planning a layoff: respecting employee dignity and business planning. No one, from the mailroom to the board-room, take pleasure in downsizing; but when the need for a reduction in staff is unavoidable, a layoff can be accomplished in such a way that the problem is fixed and the organization excels. The bottom line is important, but so are the values of respect, compassion, and simple human decency. The good manager takes all of these into account always. Derivative terms Downsizing has come to mean much more than job losses, as the word downsize may now be applied to almost everything. People describe downsizing their cars, houses and nearly anything else that can be measured or valued. This has also spawned the opposite term upsize, which means to grow, expand or purchase something larger. Ask the Ethics Guy! September 12, 2008, 11:57AM EST text size: TT References: Hopkins, S. Hopkins, W. (1999) Journal of Ethics : Perception of Rights and Responsibilities http://www.springerlink.com/content/m80p7mv83x110376/ Byron, W. (2009) Philadelphia Business Journal: The Ethics of Operating in downturns and downsizing http://philadelphia.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/stories/2009/01/12/smallb4.html From Alan Downs in Business: The Ultimate Resource Downsizing or doing layoffs is a toxic solution. Used sparingly and with planning downsizing can be an organizational lifesaver, but when layoffs are used repeatedly without a thoughtful strategy, downsizing can destroy an organizations effectiveness. How you treat people really matters to the people who leave and the people who remain. One outcome of downsizing must be to preserve the organizations intellectual capital. How downsized employees are treated directly affects the morale and retention of valued, high-performing employees who are not downsized. Downsizing should never be used as a communication to financial centers or investors of the new managements tough-minded, no-nonsense style of management the cost of downsizing far outweighs any benefits thus gained. So what happens? These decisions are handed to the legal department, whose primary objective is to reduce the risk of litigation, not to protect the morale and intellectual capital of the organization. Consequently downsizing is often executed with a brisk, compassionless efficiency that leaves laid-off employees angry and surviving employees feeling helpless and de-motivated. Ineffective methods of downsizing abound. Downsizing malpractices such as those that follow are common; they are also inefficient and very dangerous. Furthermore, attorneys advise against saying anything more than whats absolutely necessary to either the departing employees or the survivors. This caution is designed to protect the company from making any implied or explicit promises that arent then kept. By strictly scripting what is said about the layoffs, the company is protecting itself from verbal slips by managers who are themselves stressed at having to release valued employees. This approach may succeed from a legal perspective, but not necessarily from the larger and more important concern of organizational health. First, laying off employees by a flat percentage across different departments is irrational. How can it be that accounting can cope with the same proportion of fewer employees as human resources? Could it be that one department can be externalized and the other left intact? The decision of how many employees to layoff from each department should be based on an analysis of business needs, not an arbitrary statistic. The concept of laying off employees strictly on the basis of seniority is also irrational. The choice of employees for a layoff should be based on a redistribution of the work, not the date the individual employee was hired. Sometimes an employee of 18 months has a skill far more valuable than one with 18 years seniority. Always Respect Peoples Dignity The methods employed in many poorly executed layoffs treat employees like children. Information is withheld and doled out. Managers control over their employees is violated. Human resource representatives scurry around from one hush-hush meeting to another. How management treats laid-off employees is how it vicariously treats remaining employees everything you do in a layoff is done in the arena, with everyone observing. How laid-off employees are treated is how surviving employees assume they may be treated. Why does this matter? Because successfully planning for the new organization will keep it going and improve its results. You must keep that exceptional talent, who are also the employees most marketable to other organizations. When they see the company treating laid-off employees poorly, theyll start looking for a better place to work, fearing their heads will be next to roll. While its important not to allow the legal department to design a layoff, its nevertheless important that you respect the employment laws. In different countries such laws include entitlements tied to civil rights, age discrimination, disabilities, worked adjustment, and retraining. These laws are important and should be respected for what they intend as well as what they prescribe or proscribe. If you have planned your lay-off according to business needs, and not on head count or seniority, you should have no problem upholding the law. You will almost always find yourself in legal trouble when you base your layoff on factors other than business needs. The method of separation may have an effect on a former employees ability to collect whatever form of unemployment compensation might be available in their jurisdiction. Unemployment claim and receive compensation. unemployment benefits, as are those who are fired for gross misconduct. Also, lay-offs due to a firms moving production overseas may entitle one to increased re-training benefits. Certain countries (e.g. France), distinguish between leaving the company of ones free will, in which case the person isnt entitled to unemployment benefits and leaving the company voluntarily in the frame of a RIF, in which case the person is entitled to them. An RIF reduced the number of positions, rather than laying off specific people, and is usually accompanied by internal redeployment. A person might leave even if their job isnt reduced, unless the employer has strong objections. In this situation, its more beneficial for the state to facilitate the departure of the more professionally active people, since they are less likely to remain jobless. Often they find new jobs while still being paid by their old companies, costing nothing to the social security system in the end. There have also been increasing concerns about the organizational effectiveness of the post-downsized anorexic organization. The benefits, which organizations claim to be seeking from downsizing, centre on savings in labor costs, speedier decision making, better communication, reduced product development time, enhanced involvement of employees and greater responsiveness to customers (De Meuse et al. 1997, p.168). However, some writers draw attention to the obsessive pursuit of downsizing to the point of self-starvation marked by excessive cost cutting, organ failure and an extreme pathological fear of becoming inefficient. Hence trimming and tightening belts are the order of the day (Tyler and Wilkinson 2007) Here are your ethical responsibilities By Bruce Weinstein, PhD Most discussions about downsizing focus on the legal, economic, or psychological issues raised by this practice. These are essential concerns, but we rarely consider how or why downsizing is also an ethical issue. The next two columns are an attempt to redress that problem. Here, well consider your ethical responsibilities if you are the one charged with giving the bad news. In the second column, well look at what you ought and ought not to do if you are the one being downsized. (Weinstein, 2009) March 17, 2009 by Stephen G. Donshik http://ejewishphilanthropy.com/the-ethics-of-downsizing/ No one is oblivious to the massive firings that have been taking place over the last eight months. As the recession has been felt in countries throughout the world we have witnessed not only the collapse of financial markets but also the retraction taking place in multi-national corporations and among the largest manufacturers on all continents. More and more people are finding themselves unemployed, either the result of firms closing or staff reductions. In dealing with the ethics of downsizing our communal organizations we have an opportunity to demonstrate both our leadership and our commitment to Even though a number of Federations have already implemented cuts and made difficult decisions it is not too late to assist others who are yet to face the need to retrench staff members. This is an area that is clamoring for both clarity and direction. Lets hope we can rise to the occasion. After all, it is in our tradition that we are a light unto the nations. Stephen G. Donshik, D.S.W., Managing Leadership The strategic role of the senior executivehttp://managingleadership.com/blog/2006/10/25/corporate-ethics-and-downsizing/ Ethics cannot survive the retention in the management team of anyone who is responsible for the downsizing dilemma. They must resign, or, at a minimum, the CEO must resign. Furthermore, any member of the board of directors complicit in the development of the crisis forcing this decision must resign also. Indeed, in the absence of a board that creates and enforces such an environment of ethical acknowledgement and acceptance of responsibility for executive and managerial decisions, there is not only no corporate ethics in the conventional sense there is also a fundamental lack of executive fiduciary responsibility; a lack that will ineluctably continue to damage its shareholders, and as a result of that, also 1) the company; 2) its employees, customers, and vendors; and 3) its community. The unethical environment arises in the absence of a board that establishes and supervises this fiduciary responsibility. In such an unethical environment, the real specific ethical violations occur well before the dilemma such as the need to downsize that attracts all the attention. This is in seemingly better times, when the CEO, executive teams, and consultants inflate the role and capabilities of the companys senior management, leading to what can only be described as juvenile ill-discipline and playing to the crowd. This is when they make the ill-advised decisions evaluated more for the force of the impact they create about the pseudo-gravitas and paradigm-shifting vision of these great personages, than for their contribution to the advancement of corporate aims and the growth of shareholder value both of which should be delineated to management by the board. These are the decisions that create the inflated work force. In the current environment of non-accountability, where half of a board consists of company management, and the other half of managers of other companies familiar with the game, it is only the work force that is downsized, and, possibly junior levels of management who have not yet attained the corporate version of tenure in this collusion. In such circumstances, the only possible outcome is downsizing, and this is not unethical in and of itself, taken as a distinct business decision. Taken as a whole, however, as Ive attempted to portray it, it is an extension of an unethical situation and of a chain of unethical decisions. Crocodile tears will be shed by a management team professing to be compelled to oh-so-reluctantly make tough business decisions and effect practical remedies that cannot be avoided and which must be taken to discharge their executive duties and serve the company and its shareholders considerations which neither concerned nor motivated them sufficiently, if at all, when they created the circumstances leading to the crisis. This was written by Jim Stroup. Posted on Wednesday, October 25, 2006, at 10:02 am. Filed under Boards, CEOs, Ethics, Organizational Leadership. Bookmark the permalink. Follow comments here with the RSS feed. Post a comment or leave a trackback. 42k-6 sec @ 56kwww.buzzle.com/articles/reasons-for-downsizing.htmlwww.buzzle.com/articles/reasons-for-downsizing.html Reasons for Downsizing Corporate downsizing has been the biggest fallout of the troubled times, the world is witnessing. As we continue our efforts to fight the global downturn, downsizing has become a stark reality. Downsizing refers to a process where a company or a firm simply reduces its work force in order to cut the operating costs and improve efficiency. It has become a legitimate option for business growth strategies, especially after the 1980s. It is in fact, the most preferred option of companies to sustain operating costs and comply with the existing scope of the business. It is an important management venture and requires large assistance from the human resource management team. There are a number of reasons why a company downsizes its employee base. Merging of two or more firms: When a certain firm combines its operations with another firm and operates as a single entity, in order to stay in profit or expand the market reach, it is called a merger. In case of a merger, certain positions become redundant. The same work is done by two different staff members. Usually in such a case, the company cuts staff to eliminate redundancy in work. It is characterized by some employees leaving an organization voluntarily, or by lay-offs, especially in case of higher management positions. Acquisition: If one organization purchases another one, there is a definite change in the management and the acquired company staff has to face unemployment. The reason for this is the same as the earlier case, viz to cut costs and and increase the revenues. Change in management: The change in the top brass of a company can also result in downsizing. The working methods and procedures vary with the management. Therefore, a significant change in the management roles may drastically affect the employee size to suit a particular style of working. Economic crisis: This is the single biggest cause of downsizing. Often, it consists of huge lay-offs by a number of organizations across various domains. The recent economic recession facing the world, has triggered a number of lay-offs in many reputed and popular firms in the world. According to a survey conducted by the US Bureau of the Census, organizations consisting of higher percentage of managerial staff downsize more than the ones with higher percentage of production process employees. Strategy changes: Some companies may reduce certain areas of operation and focus on other areas. For example, if a company is working on a project in which there are no assured returns, it may downsize its employees working on that particular project. It focuses its resources on specific projects, which could be profitable ventures. Excessive workforce: In a period of high growth, a company hires excess staff, to meet the needs of a growing business. However, in times of recession the business opportunities dwindle, leading to downsizing of the surplus staff that was hired. Increase in efficient work flow and computerized services: If an organization work process is extremely fast and easily meets the requirements of the market, it may downsize some of its workforce. Similarly, if manual work can be done by a machine, in a much better and cost-efficient way, it also results in the reduction in the number of employees. Outsourcing practice: Organizations catering to international markets require a huge and efficient employee base. If this labor can be obtained by ‘exporting the job to other countries, a huge downsizing takes place in the parent country. For instance, if a certain job can be done more effectively in India and is more viable economically there, than in the United States, the business is operated from that country. These practices result in downsizing, which is a rampant practice prevalent these days. Efficient management of the existing skill set and constantly acquiring new skills and education is a sure way to beat the effects of downsizing. By Prashant Magar In todays business world downsizing, outsourcing, and combining of jobs to eliminate headcount is more prevalent than ever. As the economy swings down, companies find themselves needing to cut costs and increase their return on net assets (RONA). All too often, the easiest way to reduce costs and increase RONA is through reducing staff. The elimination of jobs, or finding more cost effective ways to perform their functions through job integration and outsourcing, reduces the salary expense as well as reduces benefits costs, human resources or payroll costs, and frees up those funds for additional investment activity if needed. Many companies, however, do not look at the potential long term ramifications before making these decisions. Among them are the potential for substandard customer service, costs associated to unemployment claims or placement strategies, potential for higher turnover of remaining employees, or loss of customer confidence. While cost reduction through job elimination or restructuring poses no legal implications or policy violations, it certainly presents many ethical problems. How the company proceeds could greatly affect the consumer view of their business practices. They also have the potential to place some employees in a position of being ethically challenged should they inform some parties of the possible downsizing but insist the information be kept from others. That will leave those employees who are aware with the ethical dilemma of telling what they know to those who will be affected or of keeping the company secret. The feeling though, that others know more and will not share the information, leads to extreme paranoia and dissatisfaction among lower level employees. If the best decision for the business financially is to centralize functions, the Kantian model of ethical thought would support full disclosure to the affected employees. This would provide them the dignity and respect they deser ve. Helping them with counseling for the self esteem issues presented in their job elimination and placement services seems to me the soundest ethical solution. Allowing them to prepare themselves financially for a potential loss of income would show respect for them as people as well as for the time they have spent as loyal, hard working employees. Potential attrition after the announcement might prove to be a challenge but will provide the same end result, less staff. To keep this information completely from the affected employees would fall under Ethical Egoism theories. It would serve only the officers of the company from having to deal with their own lack of ethics in this circumstance. The employees become a means to an end rather than the end itself. This school of thought tends to violate the morals taught through religious and parental guidance to most individuals. It directly violates all the major principles of the other moral theories. Consequently, following this path would likely lead to moral repercussions for those choosing to venture down this road. Living with the decision you have made and must stand by could be as emotionally traumatic in the end as the damage caused to the employees sacrificed for the company benefit. All too often the Utilitarianism approach is followed by not disclosing the full details but sharing information only as changes are closer to being implemented. This eliminates the likelihood of employee loss due to fear of the impending changes. A high turnover could cause those remaining employees to become overworked with no relief available. It would be vital though that the company effectively communicate what changes are coming with an accurate timeline of when they would occur in order to still be fair to the affected employees. The company should not hide the coming changes from the employees affected in any solution with a dissolution that trust will remain in tact for other employees unaffected by the changes. Character ethics would support at least this minimal amount of disclosure. The only fair thing to do is treat the employees as those making these decisions would want to be treated if they were in the same position, essentially following the Golden Rule. References: Baston, Ted Blake, J. Neff. (2007). Business ethics, Sunday ethics-Monday world. Triangle Publishing: Marion, Indiana The New York Times reports that the unlucky employees of fob Inc. received a bloodless e-mail informing them of their demise. Some employees of New York Times Digital learned of their fate in The New York Times itself. Dotcoms from Boston to Silicon Alley to San Francisco have behaved thoughtlessly and, yes, unethically as they frantically scrambled to salvage their companies. The idea of â€Å"downsizing† needs no introduction. Although borrowed from the automotive vocabulary, â€Å"downsizing† is a feared and familiar term throughout the employment ranks. It targets people. In all cases of downsizing anticipated, actual, or past the corporation have ethical obligations to its people. Not least among these obligations is telling the truth. Here are some principles for employers to consider whenever downsizing is a possibility or has, in fact, happened: keep employees informed; help employees to keep themselves employable; honor all pro